Paper marbling (Abr-o-bad) vs Illumination (Tazhib)

Paper marbling (Abr-o-bad): A decorative paper technique in which pigments are floated and manipulated on a thickened liquid bath and then transferred to a sheet of paper by careful contact, producing swirling, veined patterns historically used for manuscript covers, borders and endpapers. Illumination (Tazhib): The decoration of manuscript pages and album leaves with gold and coloured pigments in geometric and floral designs framing text or painting.